Acute muscle swelling effects of a knee rehabilitation exercise performed with and without blood flow restriction

This study assessed the acute effect of adding blood flow restriction (BFR) to quad sets on muscle-cross sectional area (mCSA), muscle thickness (MT), echo intensity (EI), and subcutaneous fat-normalized EI (EINORM) of the superficial quadriceps muscles. Twelve males and 12 females (mean±SD; age (yrs): 21.4±2.9; stature (m): 1.76±0.1; body mass (kg): 77.7±2.9) performed 70 repetitions (one set of 30, three sets of 15 repetitions) of bodyweight quad sets separately on each leg, with or without BFR (CON) applied. Rating of perceived exertion was recorded following each set. Panoramic ultrasound images of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) were captured prior to (PRE), immediately after (IMM-POST), 30- (30-POST), and 60-minutes after (60-POST) after exercise. Sex x condition x time repeated measures ANOVAs assessed differences at p0.05). There was a 3-way interaction in VL mCSA (p = 0.025) which indicated BFR was greater than CON at IMM-POST by 7.6% (p = 0.019) for males only. Females had greater EI in the VM and VL than males (p0.05) and EINORM did not change over time or treatment (p>0.05). The lack of changes in MT, EI, and EINORM indicate that unloaded quad sets do not provide a stimulus to promote fluid shifts or acute changes in muscle size with the exception of IMM-POST in the VL for males. Future research should attempt to elucidate the acute muscular responses of BFR application for lightly loaded rehabilitation exercises in the clinical populations for which they are prescribed

Pengembangan Media Interaktif Pada Pembelajaran Larutan Elektrolit Dan Non Elektrolit Untuk Siswa SMA Kelas X

Macroscopic and symbolic representation used in chemistry instruction to represent chemical changes are unable to visualize chemical changes that occur at atomic and molecular level. The purpose of this study is to develop interactive multimedia to enhance of macroscopic and symbolic representation by providing submicroscopic representation of electrolyte and non electrolyte solutions. The media was developed by using Adobe Flash and validated by experts and used for trial in small and large groups of students before the final product was being used in a real classroom teaching based on Computer Model approach. Providing submicroscopic representation attracts student's attentions and retention in studying the teaching materials and potentially improves student's understanding and achievement

Can Recruiting Rankings Predict the Success of NCAA Division I Football Teams? An Examination of the Relationships among Rivals and Scouts Recruiting Rankings and Jeff Sagarin End-of-Season Ratings in Collegiate Football

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.degruyter.com.The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football teams' 2002 recruiting rankings from the Rivals (RIV) and Scouts (SCO) recruiting services and the Jeff Sagarin end-of-season performance ratings from 2002–2006. The RIV and SCO recruiting services included rankings for 100 common NCAA Division I football teams for the 2002 recruiting season. Each recruiting service included a total point system rating (TOTPTS) and average star rating (AVESTAR). The Jeff Sagarin NCAA football ratings system was chosen as an indicator of the teams' performance. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients (R) and the corresponding predictive indices (R2) were used to examine whether the 2002 RIV & SCO TOTPTS and RIV & SCO AVESTAR ratings could predict the Jeff Sagarin end-of-season ratings and total number of wins for each football team for the 2002 through 2006 seasons. In addition, R and R2 values were computed to examine whether the 2002 Jeff Sagarin end-of-season ratings and total number of wins could predict the following season's recruiting rankings (2003 RIV & SCO TOTPTS and RIV & SCO AVESTAR). The results indicated that RIV & SCO TOTPTS and AVESTAR predicted up to 45% of the variances in the end-of-season ratings and total wins. Thus, other factors (besides recruiting rankings) must be contributing to the end-of-season ratings for the 100 NCAA football teams included in this study. In addition, up to 51% of the variance in RIV & SCO AVESTAR and TOTPTS was predicted by the previous year's end-of-season ratings or total wins, which suggests that more successful seasons tend to yield better subsequent recruiting classes

Acute effects of a thermogenic nutritional supplement on cycling time to exhaustion and muscular strength in college-aged men

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.jissn.com/content/6/1/15.The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of a thermogenic nutritional supplement containing caffeine, capsaicin, bioperine, and niacin on muscular strength and endurance performance. Methods Twenty recreationally-active men (mean ± SD age = 21.5 ± 1.4 years; stature = 178.2 ± 6.3 cm; mass = 76.5 ± 9.9 kg; VO2 PEAK = 3.05 ± 0.59 L/min-1) volunteered to participate in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. All testing took place over a three-week period, with each of the 3 laboratory visits separated by 7 days (± 2 hours). During the initial visit, a graded exercise test was performed on a Lode Corival cycle ergometer (Lode, Groningen, Netherlands) until exhaustion (increase of 25 W every 2 min) to determine the maximum power output (W) at the VO2 PEAK (Parvo Medics TrueOne® 2400 Metabolic Measurement System, Sandy, Utah). In addition, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength was assessed using the bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) exercises. During visits 2 and 3, the subjects were asked to consume a capsule containing either the active supplement (200 mg caffeine, 33.34 mg capsaicin, 5 mg bioperine, and 20 mg niacin) or the placebo (175 mg of calcium carbonate, 160 mg of microcrystalline cellulose, 5 mg of stearic acid, and 5 mg of magnesium stearate in an identical capsule) 30 min prior to the testing. Testing included a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) ride on a cycle ergometer at 80% of the previously-determined power output at VO2 PEAK followed by 1-RM LP and BP tests. Results There were no differences (p > 0.05) between the active and placebo trials for BP, LP, or TTE. However, for the BP and LP scores, the baseline values (visit 1) were less than the values recorded during visits 2 and 3 (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicated that the active supplement containing caffeine, capsaicin, bioperine, and niacin did not alter muscular strength or cycling endurance when compared to a placebo trial. The lack of increases in BP and LP strength and cycle ergometry endurance elicited by this supplement may have been related to the relatively small dose of caffeine, the high intensity of exercise, the untrained status of the participants, and/or the potential for caffeine and capsaicin to increase carbohydrate oxidation

Manajemen Rantai Pasok Kayu Gaharu Pada Perkebunan PT. Elang Samudra Abadi Gaharu Green Gold Di Kalimantan Barat

This research aims to find out supply of aloes, aloes wood supply inhibiting factor, and the amount generated from a single tree in a single aloes wood harvesting. Data obtained from farmer groups plantation in Rasau jaya, extension agents in Rasau jaya, head of the branch office in Rasau jaya, and owner of the company. The research method using qualitative methods. The study concluded that the supply of aloes wood in November 2015 until August 2016 experienced a supply shortage even emptiness. Factors that inhibit the availability of the supply ie natural factors and vaccines or drugs are injected kepohon aloes. Yields obtained from the agarwood trees to 5kg per tree with the assumption that once the harvest reached 10 with a total of tree aloes aloes wood as much as 50 kg

The Cryogenic Target for the G0^0 Experiment at Jefferson Lab

A cryogenic horizontal single loop target has been designed, built, tested and operated for the G$^0$ experiment in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The target cell is 20 cm long, the loop volume is 6.5 l and the target operates with the cryogenic pump fully immersed in the fluid. The target has been designed to operate at 30 Hz rotational pump speed with either liquid hydrogen or liquid deuterium. The high power heat exchanger is able to remove 1000 W of heat from the liquid hydrogen, while the nominal electron beam with current of 40 $\mu$A and energy of 3 GeV deposits about 320 W of heat into the liquid. The increase in the systematic uncertainty due to the liquid hydrogen target is negligible on the scale of a parity violation experiment. The global normalized yield reduction for 40 $\mu$A beam is about 1.5 % and the target density fluctuations contribute less than 238 ppm (parts per million) to the total asymmetry width, typically about 1200 ppm, in a Q$^2$ bin.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figure

Simple friction model of the guiding device of a mechanical system: mass, spring and damper

The paper presents a simple friction model containing two parts: dry and viscous friction. Friction model is built inside the model of the guiding device of a mechanical system consisting of a mass, linear spring and damper. System is excited by the movement of the base. Main idea of the presented algorithm is to split up the solution into several parts, which follow one after another in time, and to combine their results subsequently